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Principles of humanism and holism in nursing care of patients with autism spectrum disorder
VLKOVÁ, Blanka
This bachelor thesis focuses on analyzing the problematic situations in nursing process from the point of view of nursing staff taking care of the ASD patients, on mapping the ASD patients´ specific needs and on mapping the care provided to ASD patients from the point of view of nurses. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first one consists of the theoretical introduction and of the outline of the contemporary state of research concerning the topic of taking care of ASD patients. The empirical part is based on qualitative-quantitative research and it is divided into several parts. The first part of the research focused on acquiring data from persons taking care of people with ASD. There was chosen a quantitative form of research while using the method of semi-structured interview. Nine respondents participated in this part, the choosing process of respondents was controlled. The second part of the research focused on confirming or disproving the statements from the first part of the research and on confirming or disproving the stated hypotheses. The means of quantitative research was chosen while using non-standardized questionnaire created by the author. The questionnaires were distributed in printed and electronic forms regarding the epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic. There were 212 participants. The main result of the first part of the research is a list of problematic situations which affect the ASD patients and the process of providing the nursing care. There were identified specific and individual needs of ASD patients including the need of sleep, nutrition, affiliation, of organization, of sensorial perception and knowledge and also the need of self-sustainability in every-day activities. The result of the qualitative part shows which ways are available for nursing staff in the process of communication with ASD patients and which means they use during the nursing process. There was mapped the difficulty of satisfying the needs from the point of view of the nursing staff and its interest in the topic. While testing the stated hypothesis, only the hypothesis nr. 3 was confirmed - the ASD patients require more individualized care than intact patients. Hypothesis nr. 1 - nurses use more verbal than non-verbal means while communicating with ASD patients - and hypothesis nr. 2 - the satisfaction of psychological needs is for ASD patients more difficult than satisfaction of biological needs - were not confirmed.
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Topos of artificial intelligence in 20th century American literature.
PODLAHA, Roman
The Diploma thesis is mainly focused on posthumanistic philosophical concepts present in American science fiction literature of 20th century. Stories selected are those where the key role is put on the presence of artificial intelligence. Thanks to the analysis and comparison of selected texts, the reader can easily recognize how classical humanistic concept of man is nowadays deeply transformed by the immersive use of hi-technology and, by extension artificial intelligence. The introduction is primarily concerned with basic terms and definitions of what we call philosophical posthumanism. The next part of the text is searching for the notion of "posthuman" in the most renowned American science fiction authors' works (Isaac Asimov, Philip K. Dick, William Gibson, Richard Powers and more).
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The social role of the so-called Jugendweihe in the former GDR and after its demise
Němcová, Michaela ; Kunštát, Miroslav (advisor) ; Šmidrkal, Václav (referee)
The thesis focuses on a rite of passage called Jugendweihe, its origin, meaning and form in the former GDR and after its demise. Jugendweihe is placed in the context of confessional rites of passage and connected to the idea of humanism. Afterwards, history of this tradition and its development over the years will be presented. In order to understand the initial situation in the GDR, a chapter dealing with confessional politics of the SED is included. In the main part of the thesis, focus is on the political and social role of Jugendweihe in the GDR, as well as its form and development of popularity. This is followed by a chapter about the development of the ceremony after the revolution in 1989, where the same and different elements are described. Prerequisites for maintaining the continuity of the ceremony after the fall of the GDR are also outlined. Special emphasis is given on the transformation of the social role and form of Jugendweihe over the years in relation to the political situation and to the various reasons motivating participation in the ritual. The theoretical knowledge from the academic literature is supplemented with four interviews with participants of the Jugendweihe during the era of the communist regime that can be found in the attachment. In the interviews, emphasis was on...
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Machiavelli and Erasmus in Comparison: The Prince versus The Education of a Christian Prince
Pazderová, Tereza ; Halamka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with a comparison of the writings of Nicòllo Machiavelli's The Ruler and Erasmus of Rotterdam's On the Education of a Christian Ruler. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether these works are rightly regarded as contradictory. To achieve this goal, the historical context of both authors and their times is first presented. Then, through textual analysis, the two works are analysed, supplemented in places with insights from the contextual section. These are then compared using the comparative method. On the basis of the analysis and comparison of the two works, it was found that the two works cannot be considered to be completely contradictory. In some areas the views of the two authors are contradictory, however, we can also find many areas of opinion where they found agreement. This consensus was most often due to the common humanistic basis of both authors.
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Buber's Curtural Zionism and Masaryk's Humanism - Comparative Study
Venclová, Marie ; Arava-Novotná, Lena (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee)
99 Summary Buberův kulturní sionismus a Masarykův humanismus - komparativní studie Buber's Cultural Zionism and Masaryk's Humanism - Comparative Study Marie Venclová This thesis deals with various aspects of understanding the term nation, its roots and dimensions in the works of Martin Buber and Tomas Garrigue Masaryk. The comparative study is based on analysis of Buber's Three Addresses on Judaism and Masaryk's Problem of a Small Nation. In these texts the philosophers present their attitudes and ideas about the meaning, origin and content of the existence of a nation. The results of the comparison show, that their points of view are similar in more than a few aspects and what most importantly bonds their ideas is the moral, spiritual and cultural understanding of the meaning of a nation. Furthermore, they both stress the responsibility of each and every individual part of the society for implementing such ideas into practice. Buber's cultural Zionism as well as Masaryk's humanism are also concepts based on critical self-reflection and need of education, which serves to broaden horizons and identify positive values in one's own nation. Motivation for this thesis resided in unique legal position of the Jewish minority in Czechoslovakia after the First World War. Based on the results of the comparison we...
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Protreptikon ad scholam Neudorfinam by Johannes Campanus and Its Place in the Context of the Early Modern Apologies of the Czech Language
Pelc, Vojtěch ; Vaculínová, Marta (advisor) ; Žytek, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with the Latin poem called Protreptikon ad Scholam Neudorfinam composed in 1616 by Czech humanist Johannes Campanus Vodňanský (1572-1622) in order to celebrate his patron Bohuslav z Michalovic (1565-1621). Its aim is to analyse how Campanus, recognized as prominent poet of his generation, uses the traditional literary forms to create a text strongly affected by contemporary cultural and political background. Therefore - after a brief introduction - chapter 2 describes the historical context, while in chapters 3 and 4 the rhetorical structure and literary influences (imitatio) are examined. Reffering to the research of Jan Martínek the place of Protreptikon in the context of the early modern apologies of the Czech language is considered in chapter 5. The thesis contains an edition of original Latin text and its modern Czech translation in prose with commentary. Key words: humanism, Johannes Campanus Vodňanský, imitatio, language apologies
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Přemysl Pitter's humanism and his contribution to the education of values at the primary school
Bartoňková, Dagmar ; Uhlířová, Jana (advisor) ; Loudová Stralczynská, Barbora (referee)
TITLE: Přemysl Pitter's humanism and his contribution to the education of values at the primary school ABSTRACT: The aim of the thesis is to provide basic information about Přemysl Pitter's ideas, thoughts and activities. The theoretical part depicts mainly historical and biographical events to enable the understanding of the life values of Přemysl Pitter and the main context of his life. The practical part is based on a project that enables 5th grade elementary school students to penetrate into Pitter's life and to understand his life approach and values through their own experiences. We conclude with reflections from the project that students made sense of Přemysl Pitter's values and the historical events connected with his life, as well as Pitter's uniqueness and courage. On their own the pupils put the information together into a book, which is the output of their project. The aim of the thesis and the project has been accomplished. KEYWORDS: Přemysl Pitter, humanism, values education, project
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Interpretation of Freedom in the Work of Jan Hus and his Sources at St. Augustinus
Schmitzer, Jiří ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Hogenová, Anna (referee)
The paper focus on Jan Hus and T.G.Masaryk and their contribution to the Czech philosophy. The emphasis is given mainly to the parts of their lives and work which include timeless moral message. The aim of the paper is not to offer detailed analysis of the philosophical texts but rather to track fundamental moral accents they include and their impact on Czech philosophical landscape. Brief overview Hus' and Masaryk's important life events and decisions is used to describe a practical dimension of their philosophy. The reflection of the Hus' and Masaryk's works follows approach and intepretation of Erazim Kohák's books. With their help the paper tries to indentify meaning of Czechness as it was defined and shaped by Masaryk and Hus.
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